{"id":7920,"date":"2021-04-08T19:54:05","date_gmt":"2021-04-08T16:54:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/govartishk.com\/?p=7920"},"modified":"2021-04-09T15:51:16","modified_gmt":"2021-04-09T12:51:16","slug":"%d8%b3%db%95%d8%af-%d8%b3%d8%a7%da%b5%db%8c%db%8c-%d8%b3%db%8c%da%a4%db%95%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/govartishk.com\/?p=7920","title":{"rendered":"\u0633\u06d5\u062f \u0633\u0627\u06b5\u06cc\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u06a4\u06d5\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"<section  class='av_textblock_section av-k7824krl-b4bce8f87a0e6f20cd0a92a5d6244316 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; font-family: shasenem-kiteb; color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0626\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u06ce\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5!<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-k8c42n10-170e9056925ee0337a8b660a984ff25c\">\n.av-player.av-k8c42n10-170e9056925ee0337a8b660a984ff25c{\ncolor:#0c0c0c;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id=\"av_player-1\" class=\"av-player av-player-container av-k8c42n10-170e9056925ee0337a8b660a984ff25c avia-playerstyle-minimal av_player-1  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_hr  first avia-playlist-custom-font-color avia-playlist-hide-cover\"><div class=\"av-player-player-container\"><div class=\"wp-playlist wp-audio-playlist wp-playlist-light\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-current-item\"><\/div>\n\t\t<audio controls=\"controls\" preload=\"none\" width=\"1478\"\n\t\t\t><\/audio>\n\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-next\"><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"wp-playlist-prev\"><\/div>\n\t<noscript>\n\t<ol>\n\t\t<li><a href='https:\/\/govartishk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Francois-Joel-Thiollier-Suite-Bergamasque-L.-75-Iii.-Clair-De-Lune-Featured-In-Man-On-Fire.mp3'>Suite bergamasque, L. 75: III. Clair de lune (Featured in \"Man on Fire\")<\/a><\/li><li><a href='https:\/\/govartishk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Mavis-Marchena-Desalniettemin.mp3'>Desalniettemin<\/a><\/li><li><a href='https:\/\/govartishk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/The-Seasons-Op.-37a-No.-5-May.-White-Nights.mp3'>The Seasons, Op. 37a No. 5, May. White Nights<\/a><\/li>\t<\/ol>\n\t<\/noscript>\n\t<script type=\"application\/json\" class=\"wp-playlist-script\">{\"type\":\"audio\",\"tracklist\":true,\"tracknumbers\":true,\"images\":false,\"artists\":false,\"tracks\":[{\"src\":\"https:\/\/govartishk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Francois-Joel-Thiollier-Suite-Bergamasque-L.-75-Iii.-Clair-De-Lune-Featured-In-Man-On-Fire.mp3\",\"type\":\"audio\/mpeg\",\"title\":\"Suite bergamasque, L. 75: III. Clair de lune (Featured in \\\"Man on Fire\\\")\",\"caption\":\"\",\"description\":\"\\\"Suite bergamasque, L. 75: III. Clair de lune (Featured in \\\"Man on Fire\\\")\\\" \\u0644\\u06d5 Music for Book Lovers: Classical Music for Reading \\u0644\\u06d5\\u0644\\u0627\\u06cc\\u06d5\\u0646 Francois-Joel Thiollier\/Francois-Joel Thiollier. \\u0628\\u06b5\\u0627\\u0648\\u06a9\\u0631\\u0627\\u0648\\u06d5\\u062a\\u06d5\\u0648\\u06d5: 2019. \\u0634\\u0648\\u06ce\\u0646\\u067e\\u06ce 3. \\u062c\\u06c6\\u0631: Classical.\",\"meta\":{\"artist\":\"Francois-Joel Thiollier\/Francois-Joel Thiollier\",\"genre\":\"Classical\",\"year\":\"2019\",\"length_formatted\":\"5:12\"}},{\"src\":\"https:\/\/govartishk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Mavis-Marchena-Desalniettemin.mp3\",\"type\":\"audio\/mpeg\",\"title\":\"Desalniettemin\",\"caption\":\"\",\"description\":\"\\\"Desalniettemin\\\" \\u0644\\u06d5 Desalniettemin \\u0644\\u06d5\\u0644\\u0627\\u06cc\\u06d5\\u0646 Mavis Marchena. \\u0634\\u0648\\u06ce\\u0646\\u067e\\u06ce 1.\",\"meta\":{\"artist\":\"Mavis Marchena\",\"album\":\"Desalniettemin\",\"length_formatted\":\"2:52\"}},{\"src\":\"https:\/\/govartishk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/The-Seasons-Op.-37a-No.-5-May.-White-Nights.mp3\",\"type\":\"audio\/mpeg\",\"title\":\"The Seasons, Op. 37a No. 5, May. 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#f58430;\">\u0646\u0648\u0648\u0633\u06d5\u0631: \u0644\u0648\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0695\u0627\u062f\u067e\u06ce\u06cc<a style=\"color: #f58430;\" href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt; color: #f58430;\">\u0648\u06d5\u0631\u06af\u06ce\u0695: \u0634\u0627\u0647\u06c6 \u0628\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u06cc<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"> <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/>\u0644\u06d5 \u0695\u06c6\u0698\u06cc 10\u06cc \u0626\u0627\u06af\u06c6\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u06b5\u06cc 1920\u062f\u0627 \u0695\u06ce\u06a9 \u0644\u06d5 \u0633\u06d5\u062f\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9 \u0644\u06d5\u0645\u06d5\u0648\u0628\u06d5\u0631 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u0646\u0648\u0648\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u06d5\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0648\u06b5\u0627\u062a\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062a\u06d5 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u06d5\u0648\u062a\u06d5 \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u0646\u062c\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0628\u06d5\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u0628\u06d5\u062a\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0634 \u0626\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0647\u06ce\u0632\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u0648\u067e\u06d5\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u06d5\u0695\u06cc \u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u0645\u06cc \u062c\u06cc\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u06d5 \u0645\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0646\u06d5\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06c6 \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u0686\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u0646\u0648\u0648\u0633 \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u06c6\u06a9 \u06a9\u06c6\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u06cc\u06b5\u0633\u06c6\u0646 14 \u062e\u0627\u06b5\u06cc \u0644\u06d5 \u0698\u0627\u0646\u06a4\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u06cc 1918 \u0633\u06d5\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u062a \u0628\u06d5 \u0626\u0627\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u06cc \u062c\u06cc\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0648\u0633\u06cc: &#8220;\u0626\u06d5\u0648 \u0628\u06d5\u0634\u06d5 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u06cc \u0626\u06cc\u0645\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u06cc \u0639\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06cc \u0626\u06ce\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u062f\u06d5\u0628\u06ce\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u06b5\u0627\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06ce\u062a\u06cc\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06c6 \u062f\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u06a9\u0631\u06ce\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u06d5\u06b5\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u06c6 \u0646\u06d5\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0698\u06ce\u0631 \u062f\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u06b5\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0626\u06ce\u0633\u062a\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u06d5\u0631\u06d5\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06cc \u0626\u06d5\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u062a\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u062f\u06d5\u0631\u0641\u06d5\u062a\u06cc \u062c\u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u06d5 \u062f\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u06ce\u0648\u06d5\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06c6 \u06af\u06d5\u0634\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u0628\u06d5\u062e\u06c6 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u06ce\u062a. \u0644\u06d5 \u0695\u06c6\u0698\u06cc 9\u06cc \u0646\u06c6\u06a4\u06d5\u0645\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u06b5\u06cc 1918\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0641\u06d5\u0695\u06d5\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u06d5 \u0695\u0627\u06af\u06d5\u06cc\u06ce\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0648\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0628\u06d5\u0634\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u06d5\u06b5\u06ce\u0646\u06cc 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\u06a9\u06d5 \u0628\u0695\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0648 \u0646\u06d5\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06d5 \u0648\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0626\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u06cc \u062e\u06c6\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u06d5\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u062a \u0628\u06d5 \u067e\u0631\u06d5\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u067e\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0686\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u0646\u0648\u0648\u0633\u060c \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u06d5\u0628\u06ce\u062a.<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0644\u06d5\u06af\u06d5\u06b5 \u0626\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0628\u06d5\u067e\u06ce\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u06ce\u0628\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06d5\u0644\u06cc \u0626\u0627\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u060c 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14pt;\">\u0628\u06d5\u067e\u06ce\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u06b5\u06cc 64\u060c \u0644\u06d5 \u0645\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u06b5\u06ce\u06a9\u062f\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u0634 \u062c\u06ce\u0628\u06d5\u062c\u06ce \u0628\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u06ce\u200c\u0626\u06d5\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0626\u06d5\u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u06ce\u0628\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u06d5\u06a9\u06d5\u060c \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u06d5 \u0626\u06d5\u06af\u06d5\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062e\u06c6\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0648\u06d5\u0631\u06af\u0631\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0695\u06d5\u0632\u0627\u0645\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u0634\u06c6\u0695\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u06c6\u0645\u06d5\u06b5\u06af\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u06ce\u0648\u062f\u06d5\u0648\u06b5\u06d5\u062a\u06cc\u060c &#8220;\u0644\u06d5 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u0628\u06d5\u062e\u06c6&#8221; \u062f\u06d5\u0628\u0648\u0648\u0646<a href=\"#_ftn12\" name=\"_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a>. \u0644\u06d5\u06af\u06d5\u06b5 \u0686\u0627\u0648\u067e\u06c6\u0634\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u06d5 &#8220;\u0645\u0627\u0641 \u0648 \u0626\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0639\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u06d5\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u062a \u0628\u06d5\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0648\u0686\u06d5\u06af\u06d5\u0644\u06d5&#8221; \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06d5\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0633\u06b5 (\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0648\u0631) &#8220;\u0628\u06d5 \u062f\u06d5\u0648\u06b5\u06d5\u062a\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u0648\u06d5 \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06ce\u0646&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn13\" name=\"_ftnref13\">[13]<\/a>. \u0626\u06d5\u0648 \u06af\u0631\u06ce\u0628\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u06d5 \u0647\u06d5\u0631\u0648\u06d5\u0647\u0627 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\u06af\u0631\u06ce\u0628\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0626\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0648\u0686\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0698\u06ce\u0631 \u062f\u06d5\u0633\u06d5\u06b5\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062e\u06c6\u06cc \u0695\u0627\u062f\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f<a href=\"#_ftn25\" name=\"_ftnref25\">[25]<\/a>. \u0626\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06a9 \u0648 \u0641\u06d5\u0695\u06d5\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u06d5 20\u06cc \u0626\u06c6\u06a9\u062a\u06c6\u0628\u0631\u06cc 1921 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0648\u0631\u06d5 \u0646\u0648\u06ce\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f<a href=\"#_ftn26\" name=\"_ftnref26\">[26]<\/a> \u0648 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0695\u06c6\u0698\u0626\u0627\u0648\u0627 (\u0695\u06c6\u0698\u0626\u0627\u0648\u0627) \u0628\u0648\u0648 \u0628\u06d5 \u0628\u06d5\u0634\u06ce\u06a9 \u0644\u06d5 \u0698\u06ce\u0631 \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u067e\u06d5\u0631\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u06cc \u0641\u06d5\u0695\u06d5\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u06d5 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0627. \u0644\u06d5 10\u06cc \u0641\u06ce\u06a4\u0631\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u06cc 1922\u060c \u0634\u06c6\u0695\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06b5\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u06d5\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0627 &#8220;\u062e\u0648\u062f\u0645\u0648\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u06d5\u067e\u06ce\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0626\u0627\u0647\u06d5\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u06d5\u06af\u06d5\u06b5 \u0646\u06d5\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06d5 \u0646\u06d5\u062a\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc\u06cc\u06cc\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06d5 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn27\" name=\"_ftnref27\">[27]<\/a> \u0628\u06d5\u06b5\u0627\u0645 \u0626\u06d5\u0645 \u0626\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06d5 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\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u06d5 \u06af\u0631\u06ce\u0628\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u0648\u067e\u06d5\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0626\u06d5\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u06d5\u06cc\u0633\u06d5\u06b5\u06cc \u0648\u06d5\u06a9\u0648\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u06ce\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0639\u06ce\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u06d5 \u0633\u0627\u06b5\u06cc 1931\u062f\u0627 \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u0628\u06d5\u062e\u06c6\u06cc\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u06d5\u0628\u06d5\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\">\u0644\u06d5 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u06d5\u0645\u0627\u06b5\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u06ce\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u06ce\u0628\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u06a4\u06d5\u0631 \u0646\u06d5\u0628\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u0648 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name=\"_ftnref30\">[30]<\/a>. \u06af\u0631\u06ce\u0628\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0644\u06c6\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u06d5 24\u06cc \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u06cc 1923\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u06d5\u06a9\u0648\u0648 \u0648\u06b5\u0627\u062a\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u0628\u06d5\u062e\u06c6 \u0628\u06d5 \u0641\u06d5\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f<a href=\"#_ftn31\" name=\"_ftnref31\">[31]<\/a>\u0648 \u0628\u06d5 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u06ce\u0628\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0626\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06c6\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u06d5 5\u06cc \u0698\u0648\u0626\u06d5\u0646\u06cc 1926 \u0644\u0647 \u200c\u0646\u06ce\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u0648 \u0639\u06ce\u0631\u0627\u0642<a href=\"#_ftn32\" name=\"_ftnref32\">[32]<\/a> \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u06ce\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u06ce\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648 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\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u06d5 \u0633\u06d5\u062f \u0633\u0627\u06b5\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u06ce\u0628\u06d5\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u06a4\u06d5\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0648\u067e\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0648\u06d5\u0648\u06d5. \u0626\u06d5\u0648 \u0634\u062a\u06d5\u06cc \u0695\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06d5 \u0626\u06d5\u0648\u06d5\u06cc\u06d5 \u06a9\u06d5 \u0646\u06d5\u062a\u06d5\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0632\u0644\u0647\u06ce\u0632\u06d5\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u06d5\u06b5\u06a9\u0648\u0648 \u0626\u06d5\u0648 \u0648\u06b5\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06d5\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u06ce\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06d5 \u0628\u06d5 \u0634\u06ce\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0648 \u0647\u06d5\u06b5\u0633\u0648\u06a9\u06d5\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u06d5\u06af\u06d5\u06b5 \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06d5\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0648\u06d5. \u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0648\u0648 \u0626\u06d5\u0645\u0695\u06c6 \u062f\u06c6\u062e\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u06d5 \u0641\u06d5\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u0646\u06d5\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0648\u06d5 \u0648 \u0646\u06a9\u06c6\u06b5\u06cc \u0644\u06d5 \u0645\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0647\u06d5\u0628\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u06d5\u0648\u06b5\u06d5\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u06d5\u0631\u0628\u06d5\u062e\u06c6\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0648\u06d5. \u0626\u06d5\u0645 \u067e\u0631\u0633\u06d5 \u0647\u06ce\u0632\u06cc \u0695\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06d5\u0642\u06cc\u0646\u06d5\u06cc \u067e\u0695\u06d5\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u067e\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u0686\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u0646\u0648\u0648\u0633\u060c \u062f\u06d5\u062e\u0627\u062a\u06d5 \u0698\u06ce\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06d5\u0648\u06d5.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #00a0db; font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"> <br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/>\u067e\u06d5\u0631\u0627\u0648\u06ce\u0632<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u0628\u06b5\u0627\u06a4\u06c6\u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u06c6\u0645\u0647\u200c\u06b5\u06cc \u0626\u0647\u200c\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u06ce\u0648\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0648\u06b5\u0647\u200c\u062a\u06cc<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> \u0644\u0648\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0695\u0627\u062f\u067e\u06ce\u06cc \u0644\u06ce\u06a9\u06c6\u06b5\u0647\u200c\u0631\u06cc \u0626\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u06c6\u06a9\u062a\u06c6\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c \u0644\u0647\u200c \u06a9\u06c6\u06b5\u06ce\u0698\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u200c \u0632\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u06c6\u06cc \u0626\u06ce\u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0628\u0695\u06c6 \u0648 \u0626\u0647\u200c\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0644\u06ce\u06a9\u06c6\u06b5\u0647\u200c\u0695\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u06ce\u0648\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0648\u06b5\u0647\u200c\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u062c\u06cc\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0626\u06ce\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0628\u0695\u06c6 \u0644\u0647\u200c \u0634\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0626\u06ce\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0628\u0695\u06c6 \u0644\u0647\u200c \u0648\u06b5\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u06a9\u06c6\u062a\u06b5\u0647\u200c\u0646\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c. \u0644\u06ce\u06a9\u06c6\u06b5\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0648\u0647\u200c \u0633\u0647\u200c\u0631\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u06cc\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0633\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u200c\u062a \u0628\u0647\u200c \u06cc\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u06ce\u0648\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0648\u06b5\u0647\u200c\u062a\u06cc\u06cc\u0647\u200c \u0648 \u0644\u0647\u200c \u0626\u06ce\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u062c\u0647\u200c\u062e\u062a\u06cc \u0644\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0647\u200c\u0631 \u06af\u0647\u200c\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u06a9\u0647\u200c\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0648\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0641\u06ce\u062f\u0695\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0645\u060c \u06a9\u06c6\u0646\u0641\u06ce\u062f\u0695\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0645 \u0648 \u062f\u0647\u200c\u0648\u06b5\u0647\u200c\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0648\u0647\u200c. \u0644\u0647\u200c \u0633\u0627\u06b5\u06cc 2013\u0647\u200c\u0648\u0647\u200c \u0646\u0648\u0648\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u200c\u062a \u0628\u0647\u200c \u062f\u06c6\u062e\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u06cc \u062d\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u0647\u200c\u062a\u06cc \u0647\u0647\u200c\u0631\u06ce\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u06a9\u06c6\u0646\u0641\u06ce\u062f\u0695\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0695\u06c6\u0698\u0627\u0626\u0627\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u200c \u06cc\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u06ce\u0648\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0648\u06b5\u0647\u200c\u062a\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c. \u06af\u0631\u06ce\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u06c6\u0645\u0647\u200c\u06b5\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u062a\u06cc (\u06a9\u0647\u200c \u0648\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0648\u0648 \u06cc\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0695\u0647\u200c\u062a\u06cc\u06cc \u0695\u06c6\u0698\u0626\u0627\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0631\u06ce\u062a) \u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u06ce\u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u200c \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u200c \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0644\u06ce\u06a9\u06c6\u06b5\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0648\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0644\u0648\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0695\u0627\u062f\u067e\u06ce\u06cc\u0647\u200c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> Mesopotamia, Memorandum by Sir Erle Richards to Lord Curzon (Jan. 1919), in Anita Burdett, Records of the Kurds: Territory, Revolt and National31-1979: British Documentary Sources 672 (vol 5. 2015). ism, 18<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> Though commonly referred to as an &#8216;agreement,&#8217; it was the outcome of several secret letters exchanged among the British, French and Russian Ministers of Foreign Affairs,<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/dividing-bears-skin-bear-still-alive-1916-sykes-picotagreement\/\"><span style=\"color: #00a0db;\">https:\/\/blog.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/dividing-bears-skin-bear-still-alive-1916-sykes-picotagreement\/<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> Alan Palmer, The Decline and Fall of the Ottoman Empire 239-40 (1994).<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> Convention between France and England on the subject of activity in southern Russia, in Documents on British Foreign Policy, series I, vol III, at 369-70.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> Minutes of an Inter-Departmental Conference on Middle Eastern affairs, Foreign Office (February, 23 1920), [L\/PS\/10\/807], in Burdett, <em>supra <\/em>note 1, at 687-92.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> <em>Id<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> Treaty of Peace with Turkey 1920, <span style=\"color: #00a0db;\"><a style=\"color: #00a0db;\" href=\"https:\/\/treaties.fco.gov.uk\/awweb\/pdfopener?md=1&amp;did=63986\">https:\/\/treaties.fco.gov.uk\/awweb\/pdfopener<\/a>?md=1&amp;did=63986<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> Id. art. 62.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> Id. art. 63.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> Id. art. 64.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> Id.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> Id. art. 139.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> Maria O&#8217;Shea, Trapped between the Map and Reality: Geography and Perceptions of Kurdistan 10 (2004).<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> Lord Avebury, Self-Determination and International Law: The Kurdish Case, 7 Int&#8217;l J. Kur. St.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\">7, 9 (1994).<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> Robert Olson, Battle for Kurdistan: The Churchill-Cox Correspondence Regarding the Creation of the State of Iraq, 1921-1923, 5(1) Kur. St. 29, 40 (1992).<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> United Kingdom Foreign &amp; Commonwealth Office Doc. No. FO 371\/6467 E 3357.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> Cecil J. Edmonds, The Kurds of Iraq, 11(1) Mid. Eas. J. 52 (1957).<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> United Kingdom Foreign &amp; Commonwealth Office Doc. No. FO 371\/6346, High Commissioner Mesopotamia to Secretary of State for the Colonies (June 12, 1921).<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> Avebury, supra note 15, at 10.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> Saad Eskander, Southern Kurdistan under Britain&#8217;s Mesopotamian Mandate: From Separation to Incorporation, 1920-23, 37 Mid. Eas. St. 153, 155-6 (2001).<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> Note by the Political Department, India Office, &#8216;Kurdistan&#8217; (December 14, 1918) by Sir J.E. Shuckburgh, in Burdett, <em>supra <\/em>note 1, at 220, 524.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a> Peter J. Beck, &#8216;A Tedious and Perilous Controversy&#8217;: Britain and the Settlement of the Mosul Dispute, 1918\u20131926, 17 Mid. Eas. St. 256 (1981).<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> David Fromkin, A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East 536-7 (2001).<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a> Franco-Turkish 1921 Agreement, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hri.org\/docs\/FT1921\"><span style=\"color: #00a0db;\">http:\/\/www.hri.org\/docs\/FT1921<\/span><\/a>\/.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a>Robert Olson, The Emergence of Kurdish Nationalism and the Sheikh Said Rebellion, 1880 1925 40 (1989).<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a> David McDowall, Modern History of the Kurds 188 (2003).<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a> Mandate for Syria and Lebanon, 1922, <a href=\"https:\/\/biblioarchive.unog.ch\/detail.aspx?ID=128234\"><span style=\"color: #00a0db;\">https:\/\/biblioarchive.unog.ch\/detail.aspx?ID=128234<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a> McDowall, supra note 27, at 188.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\">[31]<\/a> Treaty of Peace with Turkey 1923, <a href=\"http:\/\/foto.archivalware.co.uk\/data\/Library2\/pdf\/TS0016.1923.pdf\"><span style=\"color: #00a0db;\">http:\/\/foto.archivalware.co.uk\/data\/Library2\/pdf\/TS0016.1923.pdf<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\">[32]<\/a> Treaty of Peace with Turkey 1923,<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/foto.archivalware.co.uk\/data\/Library2\/pdf\/TS0016.1923.pdf\"><span style=\"color: #00a0db;\">http:\/\/foto.archivalware.co.uk\/data\/Library2\/pdf\/TS0016.1923.pdf<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\">[33]<\/a> McDowall, <em>supra <\/em>note 27, at 146.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\">[34]<\/a> For Kurds in the Middle East and vicinity, see Professor Michael Izady&#8217;s Infographs, Maps, and Statistics Collection, <a href=\"https:\/\/gulf2000.columbia.edu\/maps.shtml\"><span style=\"color: #00a0db;\">https:\/\/gulf2000.columbia.edu\/maps.shtml<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\">[35]<\/a> Report presented to the Council of the League of Nations by the Commission of Rapporteurs, LN Council Document b7\/21\/68\/106 (April16, 1921).<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref36\" name=\"_ftn36\">[36]<\/a> Id.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref37\" name=\"_ftn37\">[37]<\/a> Id.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref38\" name=\"_ftn38\">[38]<\/a> Id.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref39\" name=\"_ftn39\">[39]<\/a> Antonio Cassese, Self-Determination of Peoples: A Legal Reappraisal (1995).<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref40\" name=\"_ftn40\">[40]<\/a> Records of the Kurds: Territory, Revolt and Nationalism, 1831\u20131979 British Documentary<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\">Sources (2015), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/gb\/academic\/archive-editions\/history\/middle-easthistory\/\"><span style=\"color: #00a0db;\">https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/gb\/academic\/archive-editions\/history\/middle-easthistory\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #00a0db;\">records-kurds-territory-revolt-and-nationalism-18311979-british-documentary-sources?<\/span> format=HB.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref41\" name=\"_ftn41\">[41]<\/a> See, e.g., Constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran (as amend. 1989),<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.parliran.ir\/eng\/en\/Constitution\"><span style=\"color: #00a0db;\">https:\/\/en.parliran.ir\/eng\/en\/Constitution<\/span><\/a>; The Syrian Arab Republic Constitution of 2012,<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/dyn\/natlex\/natlex4.detail?p_isn=91436&amp;p_lang=en\"><span style=\"color: #00a0db;\">https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/dyn\/natlex\/natlex4.detail?p_isn=91436&amp;p_lang=en<\/span><\/a>; Constitution of the<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\">The Republic of Turkey (as amend. 1995), https:\/\/www.anayasa.gov.tr\/en\/legislation\/turkishconstiution\/.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref42\" name=\"_ftn42\">[42]<\/a> In 2018, Rojava changed its name to the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES). <em>See <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/rojavainformationcenter.com\/\"><span style=\"color: #00a0db;\">https:\/\/rojavainformationcenter.com\/<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-38bdmp-cf7b848c2c87c947ba2a3f60061cc378\">\n.flex_column.av-38bdmp-cf7b848c2c87c947ba2a3f60061cc378{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-38bdmp-cf7b848c2c87c947ba2a3f60061cc378 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-last  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-k7841bht-914fb0103d5d6009a91879b6b6752f0d '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/govartishk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u0633\u06d5\u062f-\u0633\u0627\u06b5\u06cc-\u06cc-\u0633\u06cc\u06a4\u06d5\u0631.pdf\"><span style=\"color: #00a0db;\"><span style=\"font-family: shasenem-kiteb;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u0628\u06c6 \u062f\u0627\u06af\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u06d5 \u0634\u06ce\u0648\u06d5\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u06cc PDF, \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06ce\u0631\u06d5 \u0628\u06a9\u06d5<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7987,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[196],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7920","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category---58"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/govartishk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/OO7-scaled.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pbFtRD-23K","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/govartishk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7920","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/govartishk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/govartishk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/govartishk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/govartishk.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7920"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/govartishk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7920\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8285,"href":"https:\/\/govartishk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7920\/revisions\/8285"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/govartishk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7987"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/govartishk.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7920"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/govartishk.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7920"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/govartishk.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7920"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}